Give Me Liberty Chapter 2 Review Question Answers

Notes: Give Me Liberty! An American History: Affiliate 4

Eric Foner: Volume Outline Notes for Requite Me Liberty! An American History Second Edition

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More than Notes!

• Notes: Affiliate 1
  
• Notes: Chapter 2
  
• Notes: Affiliate 3
  
• Notes: Chapter 4
  
• Notes: Chapter 7
  
• Notes: Chapter eight
  
• Notes: Chapter 9
  
• Notes: Affiliate 10
  
• Notes: Chapter xi
  
• Notes: Affiliate 12
  
• Notes: Chapter 13
  
• Notes: Chapter 14
  

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I've got a Challenge for you, the reader. To help you study, answer the Focus Questions and Review Questions and put your answers in the "Annotate" Section beneath. I volition post the best answers on here and credit you! Proficient luck!

Chapter 4 - Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire (to 1763)

Focus Questions

1. What were the major varieties of African slavery in the 18th century?
2. How did AF-AM cultures begin to sally in the 18th century?
3. What were the meanings of BR freedom in the 18th century?
4. What were the characteristics of colonial politics in the 18th century?
5. What was the significance of the Great Awakening?
6. How did the SP and FR empires in AM develop in the 18th century?
7. What was the bear on of the Seven Yr's War on imperial and Indian-white relations?

Chapter four Notes

1. Slave - O. Equiano - taken by slave traders to Barbados, then bought by a sea helm who renamed him Gustavus Vassa. Fought in the 7 yrs war, and so bought his liberty and wrote a book nearly his life (described his life every bit luck)

1. Get-go iii/4 of the 18th century was NOT a prelude to AM independence
2. Equiano's story = greatest irony/contradiction in the history of the 18th century

Slavery in the Empire

1. Slave trade was vital, just information technology was later described as a violation against humanity
2. The asiento (an agreement whereby Spain subcontracted to a foreign power the right to provide slaves to Spanish AM) was an important diplomatic prize
3. First mass consumer goods in international merchandise were produced by slaves - carbohydrate, rice, coffee, and tobacco; ascension need led to more slave trade
4. The Triangular Trades

1. BR manufactured appurtenances to AF and the colonies, then AF slaves to New World
2. 1720 - Half of the ships leaving New World traded westward/ Caribbean.
3. Slavery helped colonists get true freedom, and as well helped industrial revolution in England.
4. Trade primarily consisted of slaves, crops produced by slaves, and goods destined for slave societies

Africa and the slave trade

1. Traders didn't travel inland for slaves, got them at "factories". Took a while for rulers to agree to it
2. AF traded for European guns

The Middle Passage

1. one/5 slaves died forth the style. Had to lay downward nigh of the fourth dimension, were chained to beds, xviii inches to a higher place them
2. 1/five of the ii.3 meg ppl in the New World were slaves and their descendants

Chesapeake Slavery

1. Slavery expanded with the colonies

Freedom and Slavery in the Chesapeake

1. Blacks were considered dangerous and undesirable
2. "Costless" and "white" had virtually become identical

Whorl to Continue

Indian Slavery in Early Carolina

1. Rice production, traded Indian slaves. Creek Indians traded slaves w/ colonies. But as colonial expansion increased, Creek Indians started fearing enslavement themselves

The Rice Kingdom

1. Virginia - rice = staple crop that led to the large scale-importation of slaves
2. SC was 1st colony to take bulk of blacks. 2/iii of population
3. Indigo - another staple crop (used for blueish dye)
4. AF slaves taught colonists how to farm rice, needed big farms to be more profitable. Slaves died b/c of mosquito's conveying malaria

The Georgia experiment

1. Georgia founded by John Oglethorpe, wealthy reformer whose causes included improved conditions for imprisoned debtors and the abolition of slavery.

Slavery in the North

1. Slavery wasn't as important to northern colonies, therefore they were less of a threat (less strict laws b/c of it)
2. NY and Philly were using slaves, but information technology wasn't worth information technology to purchase a lifetime slave

Slave cultures and Slave Resistance

1. Becoming AF-AM

1. Many dissimilar AF cultures were brought together, all west/ the bond of slavery. Weren't bonded w/ language, religion, or anything else...just slavery
2. Creoles = Slaves born in the New World. AF'south presently just became known as AF-AM's, due west/ no identification to a tribe/etc..

AF-AM Cultures

1. Three slave systems: Chesapeake - more healthy climate and spoke some English language, SCarolina & Georgia - extremely crappy weather condition w/ low birth rate (were more autonomous) and spoke Gullah, and Northern Colonies - slaves = smaller role of the population and enjoyed more mobility and access to the mainstream of life

Resistance to Slavery

1. Many slaves ran abroad (usually new young recruits) to Florida or Charleston and Savannah, where they could pass for free.
2. Signs for fugitives everywhere ("May pretend to be free")
3. Were many uprisings to scare fugitive slaves

The Crunch of 1739-1741

1. During War of Jenkins Ear, Af's took guns/ammo and marched towards Florida
2. Stono Rebellion - led to a severe tightening of the SC slave code
3. 1741 - Panic thru NYC said slaves would burn the urban center down

An Empire of Liberty, (basically, BR thinks (and is) that they are freaking awesome in every manner! SWAG.)

1. BR Patriotism

1. England was very proud of themselves b/c they were the most avant-garde and freest nation.
2. As well enjoyed commonality w/ law, religion, and linguistic communication. Wealth, religion, and freedom went together
3. BR also had powerful military and complex government

The BR Constitution

1. Liberty was central to BR ppl, they believed power and liberty to exist natural antagonists
2. ENG's political system had many checks and balances (too no i was in a higher place the police). Was the best way to prevent tyranny
3. ENG idea other nations were enslaved and not as good equally them

The linguistic communication of liberty

1. The ideas (above) resonated with British ppl everywhere (colonists, etc..)

Republican freedom

1. Freedom was central to two sets of political ideas: one was...
2. Republicanism - celebrated active party participation in public life by economically independent citizens as the essence of liberty

1. Most associated west/ State party in England

Liberal Freedom

1. Liberalism - Whereas republican liberty had a public and social quality, liberalism was essentially individual and private
2. John Locke -wrote Two Treatises on Government, information technology said that government was not like a family unit, it was like a "social contract" where ppl surrendered some rights to be protected by the law.

1. He spoke of liberty as universal, but restricted some ppl'due south from it

Both Repub. and Lib. = alternative understandings of freedom, both emphasized the security of property every bit a foundation of liberty The Public Sphere

1. In colonies westward/ diversity (NY), there were frequent uprisings. Was rare in other colonies
2. The Right to Vote

1. Said that slaves, servants, tenants, adult sons living in parent homes, the poor, and women all lacked a "will of their own", thus making them unintelligible to vote
2. Mostly a male prerogative

Political Cultures

1. Most offices didn't keep contact w/ their constituents
2. Property requirements for officeholding were far higher than for voting
3. Few Americans vigorously pursued elective office or took an agile role in public affairs

Colonial Government

1. BR adopted a policy of "salutary neglect" towards colonies, leaving them to govern themselves. B/c of this, large landowners, merchants, and lawyers claimed the right to control local politics

The Rise of the Assemblies

1. Gov = focal bespeak of political dominance in 17th century
2. Virtually powerful assembly was Pennsylvania'south; new charter (1701) - established the only uni-cameral legislature in the colonies
3. Started printing money b/c silverish and gilded was so scarce

Politics in Public

1. "Political nation" was dominated by the gentry

The Colonial Press

1. 18th century - it spread throughout ENG like crazy
2. Past the eave of the AM Revolution, iii/iv of the free male person population could read and write.
3. Libraries started popping up all around United kingdom. Outset continuously published colonial newspaper = the Boston NewsLetter (1704). Penn. Gazette = best-edited (ii,000 subscribers at elevation)

Freedom of Expression and its Limits

1. Liberty of spoken language, and Liberty of the press = both sides of Atlantic viewed these every bit very unsafe. Somewhen said that yous needed to accept a gov license to print annihilation

1. Ppl could exist punished for "seditious libel" - a criminal offence that included defaming gov officials

The Trial of Zenger

1. Most famous court case involving freedom of the press
2. John Peter Zenger - German language born printer who went to NY as youth. He published "libel", just it was true so he wasn't guilty in trial

The AM Enlightenment

1. Philosophical move - sought to apply to political and social life the Scientific Method of carful investigation based on research and experiment.
2. These thinkers held that "reason," not religious enthusiasm, could govern human life
3. Deism developed hither
4. Isaac Newton also revealed the natural laws that governed the Universe.
5. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson were classified equally deists.

The Corking Enkindling

1. Religion was key to American life
2. Religious Revivals

1. Revivals that were less a coordinated movement than a serial of local events united by a delivery to a "religion of the middle,"
2. Jonathan Edwards and his famous sermon - Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God; just a new birth and divine grace could save men from eternal damnation

The Preaching of Whitfield

1. He preached that God was merciful. He was made a celebrity b/c of his sermons. Traveling preachers followed him and held revivalist meetings
2. Critics - produced sermons, pamphlets, newspaper, etc against revivalist-ers
3. New church denominations created - Old Lights (traditionalists) and New Lights (revivalists): Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, and others created

The Awakening's Touch on

1. Criticized farmers for just going for profit. Few preachers condemned slavery
2. B/c of newspaper fights, papers spread all throughout colonies; and information technology too helped colonists to trust their own views rather than just the elites

Imperial Rivalries

1. Spanish North America

1. Pacific Coast and New Mexico into the Great Plains eastward thru Texas and Florida

The Spanish in California

1. California's first mission - San Diego
2. 1800 - Los Angeles was the largest town w/ 300 ppl

The FR Empire

1. Greater rival to England than Spain
2. New Orleans was a big metropolis (1718) - population was 55k by 1750. It had a vibrant social life as well as an established community w/ churches, schools, and gov buildings

Battle for the Continent

1. The Middle Ground

1. Ohio River Valley e'er a struggle btwn FR, BR, rival Indian communities, and settlers/land companies
2. Middle Basis was the surface area btwn European empires and Indian sovereignty.
3. Indians knew that confronting either FR or BR meant suicide, and so they tried to play it safe and sneaky. Iroquois were masters of balance-of-power diplomacy
4. Ohio Company given half a million acres land grant to exist dished out to colonists.

1. This caused the FR to brand themselves more than apparent in the expanse, somewhen causing the 7 Years State of war.

The Seven Year'south State of war

1. George Washington- established Fort Necessity, just surrendered before long after.
2. 2 years, the war went against the BR. Indians killed hundreds of colonists.
3. BR took out a FR place, sending some FR ppl to Louisiana (called Cajuns)
4. Also captured FR forts in Fort Duquesne, Ticonderoga, and Louisburg. Lastly defeated the FR ground forces at Quebec....O ya, totally pwned fool

A Earth Transformed

1. FR ceded Canada to BR, Spain ceded Florida to BR in exchange for Cuba and the Philippines. SP as well got the Louisiana colony from FR
2. Now, due west/ an exception to two FR islands, everything east of the Mississippi River was now in BR control
3. The Seven Year's War put strains on all the participants

Pontiac's Rebellion

1. B/c Indian's fought for the FR, and now the FR were essentially out of the New World, the Indian's felt threatened. FR ceded lands that Indians claimed as their ain
2. Indians of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes launched a revolt
3. Really led by a Delaware religious prophet (Neolin) - he argued that all Indians were a same person

The Proclamation Line

1. Proclamation of 1763 - prohibited further colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mtns; this land was exclusively reserved for the Indians. It besides banned the sale of Indian lands to private individuals.
2. George Washington and other colonists ignored the above and bought as much land west as they could.

Pennsylvania and the Indians

1. Western Pennsylvanians demanded that colonial authorities adopt a more ambitious stance towards Indians
2. During Pontiac's Rebellion, a party of 50 Penn's massacred Indians
3. Paxton Boys marched on Philly forcing the gov to force the expulsion of much of the nearby Indian population

1. William Penn'due south "Holy Experiment" of "truthful friendship and amity" was now over

Colonial Identities

1. Colonists emerged from the Seven Years War due west/ a whole new collective identity, w/ greater bonds to each other.
2. The Albany Plan of Union of 1754, drafted past Benjamin Franklin, envisioned the creation of a Grand Council composed of delegates from each colony, with the ability to levy taxes and deal westward/ Indian relations and the common defense.

1. Also bad it was rejected :(

The 7 years war also strengthened the colonists' pride in being members of the BR empire..colonists more unified w/ BR After 1763, BR'southward global empire was neither Protestant nor British nor free. Colonists soon came to believe that membership in the empire jeopardized their liberty

BEFORE YOU GO!

Please feel free to comment and/or like/share this page. Thank you so much for reading. And final but not least, please support the sponsors of this page. Thank you again!

miimad on Feb 02, 2019:

Thank you for your hard work and delivery to posting valuable info for all APUSH students

timi on February 15, 2015:

Thank u for yur hard work....yur outline fabricated me fall in dear with history

Erika on September 24, 2013:

Is it possible to outline the focus question answers as well? Or are they listed somewhere I missed?

Janne on July 26, 2013:

I am curious why you didn't outline chapters 5 and half-dozen? Let me know...jannejwilson@optonline.net - thanks so much for all your hard piece of work.

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